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諾貝爾獎,Nobel Prize  
諾貝爾獎（瑞典語(yǔ)：Nobelpriset，挪威語(yǔ)：Nobelprisen）是根據瑞典化學(xué)家阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾的遺囑所設立的獎項。諾貝爾是近代炸藥的發(fā)明者，因此也獲得了巨大的財富。但他對自己的發(fā)明用于破壞感到震驚，于1895年11月27日在法國巴黎的瑞典-挪威人俱樂(lè )部上立下遺囑，用其遺產(chǎn)中的3100萬(wàn)瑞典克朗成立一個(gè)基金會(huì )，將基金所產(chǎn)生的利息每年獎給在前一年中為人類(lèi)作出杰出貢獻的人，以表彰那些對社會(huì )做出卓越貢獻，或做出杰出研究、發(fā)明以及實(shí)驗的人士。


諾貝爾獎
物理學(xué)獎
化學(xué)獎
生理學(xué)或醫學(xué)獎
 
文學(xué)獎
和平獎
 

The Nobel Prize (Swedish pronunciation: ,  definite form, singular:Nobelpriset; : Nobelprisen) is a set of annual international awards bestowed in a number of categories by  committees in recognition of cultural and/or scientific advances. The will of the  philanthropist inventor established the prizes in 1895. The prizes in , , ,, and  were first awarded in 1901.

The Peace Prize is awarded in , Norway, while the other prizes are awarded in, Sweden. The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, and economics.

The  awards the Nobel Prize in Physics, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences; the  at awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; the  grants the Nobel Prize in Literature; and the Nobel Peace Prize is not awarded by a Swedish organisation but by the .

Each recipient, or laureate, receives a gold medal, a , and a sum of money which is decided by  yearly. As of 2012, each prize was worth 8 million SEK (c.US$1.1 million, €1.16 million). The prize is not awarded posthumously; however, if a person is awarded a prize and dies before receiving it, the prize may still be presented. Though the average number of laureates per prize increased substantially during the 20th century, a prize may not be shared among more than three people.